ACORD: An Expert-Annotated Retrieval Dataset for Legal Contract Drafting

Steven H. Wang, Maksim Zubkov, Kexin Fan, Sarah Harrell et al.

All authors

Steven H. Wang, Maksim Zubkov, Kexin Fan, Sarah Harrell, Yuyang Sun, Wei Chen, Andreas Plesner, Roger Wattenhofer

ACL 2025, 24739–24762

What it adds

Graded relevance judgments for drafting-oriented clause retrieval.

Read with this limitation

Many one-star negatives inherit relevance from other clause categories; describing every pair as individually expert-rated would overstate the annotation process.

Jurisdiction tags
United States
Language
English

Follow the source

Selected statements located in the linked primary sources. These results have not been independently reproduced here.

  1. The benchmark has 114 queries and more than 126,000 query-clause pairs.

    3 and Table 2, printed 24743–24744
  2. BM25 plus GPT-4o reranking reports NDCG@10 79.7 versus 54.0 for BM25 alone.

    5, printed 24745
Entry status, source edition & rights
Index entry
Source-linked summary, prepared with agent assistance. Independent scholarly review is pending.
Archive admission
This bibliographic entry does not confer admission to the versioned archive.
Reading coverage
Published sections 2–7, Table 3, Appendices A–C and selected implementation details; project/repository documentation.
Rights
External references only. Papers and research artifacts remain with their original hosts; their own terms apply.
Entry updated
2026-10-15

Source-linked summary · independent assessment pending.

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